Industry 5.0: Transitioning Towards Human-centric, Sustainable, and Resilient Manufacturing Systems

Patrício Palinhas; Sónia Longras; Vânia Dias; António Rocha

doi:10.14513/tge-jres.00626

Authors

Patrício Palinhas School of Technology, Polytechnic University of Cávado and Ave – IPCA Author
Sónia Longras 2Ai – Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. School of Technology, Polytechnic University of Cávado and Ave – IPCA Author
Vânia Dias 2Ai – Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. School of Technology, Polytechnic University of Cávado and Ave – IPCA Author
António Rocha 2Ai – Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. School of Technology, Polytechnic University of Cávado and Ave – IPCA Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-6567

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14513/tge-jres.00626

Keywords:

Industry 5.0, Human-centric manufacturing, Sustainability, Resilience, Smart society

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates the current state of Industry 5.0 awareness and initial receptiveness among manufacturing organizations, examining how this emerging paradigm, centered on human well-being, environmental sustainability, and organizational resilience, can complement Industry 4.0’s technological gains and identify practical pathways for guiding the transition.
Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-methods design combined a structured quantitative survey, based on the SURE 5.0 self-assessment tool, with qualitative content analysis of open-ended responses. The survey targeted approximately 200 manufacturing organizations in northern Portugal, yielding 32 completed responses. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reliability analysis (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.794), complemented by a comprehensive review of theoretical frameworks, including the European Commission’s three-pillar Industry 5.0 model and relevant ISO standards.
Findings: While 60% of respondents demonstrated receptiveness to Industry 5.0 principles, only 28% reported familiarity with the concept. Readiness varied across pillars: resilience achieved the strongest consensus (84%), human-centricity showed moderate strength (78%), and sustainability revealed the most critical implementation gaps. Workforce capability emerged as a decisive barrier, with 66% reporting only intermediate technology knowledge. Based on these findings, the study proposes a hybrid roadmap adapting the validated 6Ps framework, covering Product, Process, Platform, People, Partnership, and Performance, to integrate Industry 5.0 values with Industry 4.0 technologies.
Originality: The study provides empirical evidence on Industry 5.0 receptiveness in a significant European manufacturing region. Its main original contribution is the hybrid 6Ps Industry 4.0–5.0 roadmap, bridging established digital transformation methodology with Industry 5.0’s human-centric, sustainable, and resilient value orientation.

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